The economic impact of demographic change: trends, challenges, and opportunities

Authors

  • Ikhlef Fahed Mehyeddine University Kasdi Merbeh-Ouargla, Algeria
  • Aziez Nasrreddin University of Batna 1, Algeria

Keywords:

Demographics, Economic Development, Population Growth, Aging Population, Demographic Dividend, Labor Force, Migration, Fertility Rates, Urbanization, Human Capital

Abstract

Demographic trends profoundly influence economic performance and policy planning across the globe. This paper explores the multifaceted relationship between population dynamics and economic development, examining how factors such as population growth, age structure, fertility and mortality rates, migration, and urbanization shape economic outcomes. Through a detailed analysis of concepts like the demographic dividend, labor force participation, and aging societies, the study highlights the opportunities and challenges that different demographic profiles present. It also discusses the implications for education, healthcare, labor markets, and fiscal sustainability. As the global population transitions through various stages of demographic change, understanding these dynamics becomes essential for designing adaptive and inclusive economic policies. This paper underscores the need for integrated approaches that align demographic realities with sustainable development and long-term economic planning.

References

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Kuznets, S. (1966). *Modern Economic Growth: Rate, Structure, and Spread*. Yale University Press.

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA). (2022). *World Population Prospects 2022*. United Nations.

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World Bank. (2020). *World Development Report: Jobs*. World Bank Publications.

International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2021). *Demographic Headwinds in Asia: The Economic Impact of Aging*. IMF Staff Discussion Notes.

Lee, R., & Mason, A. (2011). *Population Aging and the Generational Economy: A Global Perspective*. Edward Elgar Publishing.

United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat). (2020). *World Cities Report*. United Nations.

Published

2025-04-07

How to Cite

Ikhlef, F. M., & Aziez, N. (2025). The economic impact of demographic change: trends, challenges, and opportunities. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(4), 1222–1227. Retrieved from https://ijeponline.org/index.php/journal/article/view/950

Issue

Vol. 19 No. 4 (2025)

Section

Peer Review Articles
Copyright & Licensing

Copyright (c) 2025 Ikhlef Fahed Mehyeddine, Aziez Nasrreddin

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