Ben mouffeki, Zine, and Mohamed Abdelbaki. “The Impact of Research and Development Output and Advanced Technology Exports on Economic Growth in Arab Countries During the Period (1990-2020)”. International journal of economic perspectives 19, no. 5 (May 10, 2025): 1894–1911. Accessed November 13, 2025. http://ijeponline.org/index.php/journal/article/view/1013.