Historical Review of Contribution of Jainism to Early Kannada Literature
Abstract
Kannada, a Dravidian language, is one of the historical and important literary languages in India. It has a script of its very own and has a population of about sixty million. It had branched off from the Proto-Dravidian circle of relatives of languages in round 6th century BC, and had end up a written language via the beginning of present day generation.
The records of Kannada language and literature could be very vast, various and encompasses a selection of genres. Lamentably, its salient capabilities were no longer properly and systematically brought out of doors the Kannada world. Such an objective account remained a desideratum for a long time. To cope with the problem some attempts were made by way of Ferdinand Kittel (1832-1903), E.P. Rice (1849-1936) and B.L. Rice (1837-1927). B.L. Rice (1898) became the first to edit the epic Vikramārjunavijaya of poet Pampa (901-950), and write a piece of writing in English approximately the epic, as early as in 1882. His brother, E.P. Rice (1921) wrote The Kanarese Literature, the earliest e book in English at the Kannada Literature. He wrote in the concluding paragraphs:
References
Altekar, A.S. The Rāshtrakūtas and their Times: Being a Political, Administrative, Religious, Social, Economic and Literary History of the Deccan (i.e. Southern Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnatak, Nizam's dominions, and Northern Mysore) During C.750 A.D. to C.1000 A.D. Poona: Oriental Book Agency, (1934) 1967.
Anacker, Stephan (tr.). The Epic of Nēmi (Nēminātha-purāṇa) of Karṇapārya. Shravanabelgola: Institute of Jaina Studies, 2002.
Anantaragācār, N.S. (ed.). Sūktisudhārṇavam of Mallikārjuna. Mysore: Oriental Research Institute, 1947 (Kannada).
Bhaṭṭākalaṅka. See Narasimhachara 1923b.
Desai, Pandurang Bhimarao. Jainism in South India and Some Jaina Epigraphs. Sholapur: Jaina Saṃskṛti Saṃrakṣaka Saṃgha, 1957 (Jīvarāja Jaina Granthamālā 6).
Epigraphia Carnatica. See Narasimhachar 1973 (EC II), Rice 1889 (EC II), 1904 (EC VIII).
Ghosh, A. (ed.). Jaina Art and Architecture. Vol. I-III. New Delhi: Bharatiya Jnanpith, Vol. I, 1974, Vol. II & IV. 1975.
Gopal, B. R. (ed.). Corpus of Kadamba Inscriptions. Sirsi: Kadamba Institute of Cultural Studies, 1985.
Gopal, B. R. (ed.). The Rastrakutas of Malkhed. Bangalore, 1994.
Hampana, Kamala. Attimabbe and Chalukyas. Bangalore: Panditaratna A. Shanthirajashastry Trust, 1966.
Jain, Jyoti Prasad. “Apabhraṃśa ke Sulocana Carita ke kartā Devasena”. Sandeś Śodāṃka 33 (1974) 392-394.
Kelting, Mary Whitney. Singing to the Jainas: Jain Laywomen, Maṇḍal Singing, and the Negotiations of Jain Devotion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Klatt, Johannes. Jaina-Onomasticon. Edited by Peter Flügel & Kornelius Krümpelmann. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2016 (Jaina Studies).
Krushnakumar, C.P. (ed.). Karṇāṭakapañcatantram. Bangalore, 1994.
Kulkarni, B.S. (ed.). Samayaparīkṣe Brahmaśiva kavi viracita. Dharawada: Kannada Research Institute, 1958.
Mahadevan, Iravatham. Early Tamiḷ Epigraphy from the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century
A.D. Cambridge/Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2003 (Harvard Oriental Series 62).
Mahadevan, Iravatham. “Early Jainism in Tamilnadu: New Epigraphic Evidence”. Svasti. Essays in Honour of Prof. Hampa Nāgarājaiah for his 75.Birthday. Ed. Nalini Balbir, 45-53. Krishnapuradoddhi: K.S. Muddappa Smaraka Trust, 2010 (Muddushree Granthamale).
Mugali, R.S. History of Kannada Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1975.
Nagarajaiah, Hampana. Candrakoḍe. Hampi: Kannada University, 1997.
Nagarajaiah, Hampana. A History of the Early Ganga Monarchy and Jainism. Bengaluru: Ankita Pustaka, 1999-A.
Nagarajaiah, Hampana. Yāpanīya Saṃgha. Hampi: Hampi University, 1999-B.
Nagarajaiah, Hampana. Jaina Corpus of Koppaḷa Inscriptions: X-Rayed. Bengaluru: Ankita Pustaka, 1999-C.
Nagarajaiah, Hampana. Vaḍḍārādhane: Samagra Adhyayana. Bangalore: CVG Publications, 1999-D.
Nagarajaiah, Hampana. Rāṣṭrakūṭas: Re-Revisited. Krishnapuradoddi / Bengaluru: K.S. Mudappa Smaraka Trust, (2000, 2010) 2014.
Nagarajaiah, Hampana. Jinendra Stavana. Śravaṇabeḷagoḷa: National Institute of Prakrit Studies and Research, 2003.
Nagarajaiah, Hampana. Bāhubali and Bādāmi Calukyas. Shravanabelagola: SDJMI Managing Committee, 2005.
Nagarajaiah, Hampana. Padmarāja Pandita: 1861-1945. Doyen of Vision. Krishnapuradoddi / Bengaluru: K.S. Mudappa Smaraka Trust, 2009.
Narasimhachar, D. L. (ed.). Kēśirājaviracita Śabdamaṇidarpaṇam. Third Edition. Maisūru: Śāradā Mandira, 1968.
Narasimhachar, D. L. Vaḍḍārādhane. Maisūru: Śāradā Mandira, 1970.
Narasimhachar, Ramanujapuram (comp.). Epigraphia Carnatica. Vol. II: Inscriptions at Sravana Belgola. Revised Edition. Bangalore: Mysore Government Central Press, 1923a (Reprint Mysore: Mysore University, 1973).
Narasimhachar, Ramanujapuram (ed.). Bhatṭakalanka Dê va's Karnạ̄ taka-ś abdānusá sānam: with its Vritti or Gloss, named Bhâ sa-mañjarī, and Vyākhā or Commentary Thereon, called Mañjarī-makarandaḥ. Bangalore: Mysore Government Central Press, 1923b.
Narasimhachar, Ramanujapuram. History of Kannada Literature. Readership Lectures. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, (1934) 1969.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Allows users to: distribute and copy the article; create extracts, abstracts, and other revised versions, adaptations or derivative works of or from an article (such as a translation); include in a collective work (such as an anthology); and text or data mine the article. These uses are permitted even for commercial purposes, provided the user: gives appropriate credit to the author(s) (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant URL ID); includes a link to the license; indicates if changes were made; and does not represent the author(s) as endorsing the adaptation of the article or modify the article in such a way as to damage the authors' honor or reputation. CC BY
