Moral Education in Schools: Kohlberg’s Perspective
Abstract
The word morality originated from the Latin word moralitas meaning manner, character or proper behaviour. As described in the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, the term “morality” is used to connote different meanings. For instance, morality can be seen as a code of conduct, and a set of beliefs that helps in distinguishing between right and wrong. In the descriptive sense, morality is put forth by a group like society or religion and accepted by individuals for their behaviour. In the normative sense, it refers to a code of conduct that, given specified conditions, would be put forth by all rational persons (Gert & Gert, 2017).
References
Bergman, R. (2004). Identity as motivation: Toward a theory of moral self. In K. Daniel, D. K. Lapsey, & D. Narvaez (Eds.), Moral development, self, and identity (pp. 21–46). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Chappell, R. (2004). Freedom and moral responsibility. Retrieved November 29, 2009from http://www.philosophyetc.net/2004/06/freedom-moral-responsibility.html
DeHaan, R., Hanford, R., Kinlaw, K., Philler, D., &Snarey, J. (1997). Promoting ethical reasoning, affect, and behavior among high school students. Journal of Moral Education, 26(1), 5–20.
Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education. New York: Macmillan.
Durkheim, E. (1961). Moral education. London: The Free Press
Fenton, E., & Kohlberg, L. (Eds.). (1976). Teacher training in values education. New York: Guidance Associates.
Gert, B., & Gert, J.(2017). The definition of morality. Retrieved from The Standford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2017/entries/morality-definition/
Kohlberg, L. (1958). The development of modes of thinking and choice in years 10 to 16. Doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago, IL.
Kohlberg, L. (1969). Stage and sequence: The cognitive-developmental approach to socialization.In D. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 347–480). Chicago: Rand McNally.
Kohlberg, L. (1978). Moral education reappraised. The Humanist, 38, 13–15.
Kohlberg, L. (1984). Essays on moral development: Vol. 2, The psychology of moral development: the nature and validity of moral stages. San Francisco: Harper & Row Publishers.
Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development: the nature and validity of moral stages (essays on moral development, volume 2). Harper and Row.
Kohlberg, L. (1985). The Just Community approach to moral education in theory and practice. In M. Berkowitz & F. Oser (Eds.), Moral education: Theory and application (pp. 27–86). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Kohlberg, L. (1987). Child psychology and childhood education: A cognitive-developmental view. New York: Longman.
Kohlberg, L., &Lickona, T. (1987). Moral discussion and the class meeting. In R. DeVries and L. Kohlberg (Eds.), Programs of early education (pp. 143–181). New York: Longman.
Kohlberg, L., & Selman, R. L. (1972). Preparing school personnel relative to values: A look at moral education in the school. Washington, D.C.: ERIC Clearinghouse on Teacher Education.
Lapsley, D.K. (2005). Moral stage theory. In M. Killen & J. Smetana (Eds.). Handbook of moral development (pp. 37-66). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Lind, G. (2007). Script for dilemma discussion: The Konstanz method. www.uni-konstanz.de/ag-moral/moral/dildisk-e.htm#script.
McDonough, G. P. (2005). Moral maturity and autonomy. Journal of Moral Education, 34 (2), 119–213.
Mosher, R., Kenny, R., & Garrod, A. (1994). Preparing for citizenship. Westport, CT: Praeger.
National Curriculum Framework (1988), NCERT, New Delhi
National Curriculum Framework (2005), NCERT, New Delhi
National Curriculum Framework for School Education (2000), NCERT, New Delhi
Oser, F. K. (1992). Morality in professional action: A discourse approach to teaching. Chapter 8 in F. K. Oser, A. Dick, & J.-L. Patry (Eds.), Effective teaching and responsible teaching: A new synthesis (pp. 109–138). SanFrancisco: Jossey-Bass.
Oser, F. K., &Renold, U. (2006). Modeling teacher competencies: Identifying and measuring standards. In F. K. Oser, F. Achtenhagen, & U. Renold (Eds.), Competence-oriented teacher training (pp. 23–48). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Oser, F. K., Althof, W. & Higgins-D’Alessandro, A. (2008). The Just Community approach to moral education:System change or individual change? Journal of Moral Education, 37 (3), 395–415.
Power, F. C., Higgins, A., & Kohlberg, L. (1989). Lawrence Kohlberg’s approach to moral education. New York: Columbia University Press.
Rest, J. R., &Thoma, S. (1986). Educational programs and interventions. In J. R. Rest (Ed.), Moral development: Advances in research and theory (pp. 59–88). New York: Praeger.
Schlaefli, A., Rest, J., &Thoma, S. (1985). Does moral education improve moral judgment? Review of Educational Research, 55 (3), 319–352.
Selman, R. L. (2003). The promotion of social awareness. New York: Russell Sage.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Allows users to: distribute and copy the article; create extracts, abstracts, and other revised versions, adaptations or derivative works of or from an article (such as a translation); include in a collective work (such as an anthology); and text or data mine the article. These uses are permitted even for commercial purposes, provided the user: gives appropriate credit to the author(s) (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant URL ID); includes a link to the license; indicates if changes were made; and does not represent the author(s) as endorsing the adaptation of the article or modify the article in such a way as to damage the authors' honor or reputation. CC BY



